US History Regents Practice Exam

Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs on Japan during World War II is a pivotal moment in both American history and global affairs. The bombings of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, were aimed at bringing a swift end to the war in the Pacific. At that time, Japan had shown little indication of surrender, and the war was expected to continue for many months, potentially leading to a significant loss of life on both sides, including American troops.

The use of atomic bombs ultimately forced Japan to surrender unconditionally on August 15, 1945, which effectively ended World War II. This action had profound implications, not only hastening the conclusion of the conflict but also marking the first and only use of nuclear weapons in warfare. Truman's decision was heavily influenced by the desire to minimize further casualties and to demonstrate military power, particularly to the Soviet Union, in the context of emerging post-war geopolitics.

In contrast, the other options relate to different aspects of Truman's presidency. The Civil Rights Act was not signed until 1964, long after Truman’s presidency; the Marshall Plan, while also a significant accomplishment of his administration, focused on European recovery post-war